The author speaks from the standpoint of modern Neuropsychology and Psychology of Religion. As the title of the article says the author shows briefly the main aspects of recent research in the field of the Neurosciences, trying to show its connections with religion and religiosity. After describing some new questions and the theoretical evolution of different positions present in the interface between neurosciences and religion, he presents different tendencies in the theoretical and empirical discussion about the mind-brain problem. This study focuses especially in the question of consciousness and of the emergence of the self, taking into account especially the theoretical opinions of António Damásio, which are confronted with the positions of other well known researchers and scholars. The article shows finally three tendencies in the consideration of the influence of recent discoveries in neurosciences in the conceptions about religion: A. Damásio, Victor Turner, and E. d'Ãquili and A. Newberg.