In 2003, a project entitled “Religious Teaching on Public Schools of the State of São Pauloâ€ gave teachers the opportunity to discuss proposals for Religious Education in public schools. The discussion was stimulated by the “Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB/96)â€, a Brazilian law which includes the prohibition of proselytizing in the classroom. The main result of several debates was that Religious Education in public schools must avoid teaching of only one single religion but has to refer to many religions while maintaining a spirit of tolerance and openness towards religious diversity. The article calls for a revision of the concepts of alterity and representation and suggests their didactical realization in the classroom especially in the context of interdisciplinary projects.