The article argues that the philosophy of the “second Wittgensteinâ€ offers significant insights for the study of the influence of social and linguistic aspects on mystical experiences. By emphasizing external criteria in the preparation and subsequent interpretation of the mystical experience, this article starts with an overview over the main theories about contextualism and mysticism. The author proceeds in discussing the relation between language and reality as well as the consequences of these arguments for the study of mysticism both from a standpoint of phenomenology of religion and within neurosciences. The final part points out the impact of the forgoing reflections on a study of mysticism particularly interested in Brazilian religions.