The secularization of politics implied the separation of State and Church, as inscribed in the Brazilian Constitution of 1891. The Brazilian state instituted religious freedom and detached itself from the Roman Catholic Church, up to that point the official state religion. Nevertheless, this association remained fraught with tensions and ambiguities due to the material and symbolic gains that Catholicism continued to acquire. Studies of relations between public and private spheres, taking into account the Brazilian religious context, are important given increasing political representation by Pentecostals, notably candidates supported by the Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus. The article argues that the resulting realignment of public and private spheres and their symbolic frontiers leads to a redefinition of "politics" and "religion". This is reflected in the competition between religious denominations for political representation, and it reveals a new concept of citizenship, one attached to specific and particular identities. Being a citizen is no longer stigmatized as being excessively universalized, and, hence, the State is led to reformulate its responsibilities. From this perspective, we can understand and interpret changes in the field of political representation in the light of religious developments.